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IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Pippa Garner: Act Like You Know Me / Ibrahim El-Salahi: Pain Relief Drawings – e-flux Announcements 3 February 2023LINK TO ARTICLE Kunsthalle Zürich is pleased to announce new solo exhibitions by Pippa Garner and Ibrahim El-Salahi. Born in 1942 in Illinois, the artist...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Entanglements and Exchanges: Calligraphic Abstraction’s International Pull at Midcentury – MoMA – Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Nzewi 1 February 2023LINK TO ARTICLE Our newly opened fourth-floor collection exhibition Calligraphic Abstraction focuses on artists from around the world who turned to the expressive possibilities of...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Doses Of Relief In Ibrahim El-Salahi’s Drawings Of Pain – Live Theatre UK – Rebecca Anthony 8 January 2023LINK TO ARTICLE Pain is an inherent part and parcel of human experience. It can be difficult to measure or make visible. Although words can...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Endless Organic Growth – The New York Review – Robyn Creswell 5 January 2023LINK TO ARTICLE The face is a mask, vaguely leonine, narrowing from its enormous eyes to a snout of flared nostrils and a small mouth,...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
A Fisk Exhibition Shows the Importance of Cross-Continental Communication – Nashville Scene – Laura Hutson Hunter 14 December 2022LINK TO ARTICLE In December 1961, the exhibition Art From Africa of Our Time opened at the Harmon Foundation in New York. Earlier that same...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Worldly Wise – Ibrahim El-Salahi's memories is packed with extraordinary encountrers – APOLLO – Zoe Cormack 30 October 2022DOWNLOADRead more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Little Bits of Everywhere: Ibrahim El-Salahi’s ‘At Home in the World’ – ArtReview – Mark Rappolt 10 June 2022LINK TO ARTICLE Before he was widely celebrated as one of the pioneers of African Modernism, Ibrahim El-Salahi lived a life that featured unemployment, imprisonment,...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Venice Biennale kicks off with brightness and joy amid global tensions – The Guardian – Charlotte Higgins 19 April 2022LINK TO ARTICLE A choir of joyful, experimental, virtuosic Black female voices greets visitors to the British pavilion at the 59th Venice Biennale, the world’s...Read more -
The Venice Biennale Power List: Here Is Every Gallery Representing an Artist at the 59th Edition of the Venice Biennale – ArtNet News – Naomi Rea 18 April 2022LINK TO ARTICLE Being included in the Venice Biennale is a very big deal. For emerging artists, it can be a career-defining moment. Even established...Read more
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IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
A Venice Biennale Informed by the Pandemic Will Spotlight Women – The New York Times – Robin Pogrebin 3 February 2022LINK TO ARTICLE The Milk of Dreams @ The 59th Venice Biennale – Curated by Cecilia Alemani Fondazione La Biennale di Venezia 59th International Art...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Time capsules, more women and a room for Paula Rego: curator Cecilia Alemani reveals her plans for this years Venice Biennale – The Art Newspaper – Gareth Harris 2 February 2022LINK TO ARTICLE The Milk of Dreams @ The 59th Venice Biennale – Curated by Cecilia Alemani Fondazione La Biennale di Venezia 59th International Art...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Ibrahim El-Salahi on the importance of stories, trees and why he misses Sudan – The Art Newspaper – Lee Cheshire 15 October 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Frieze Sculpture. Meditation Tree Regents Park, London 14 September – 31 October 2021 LINK TO EXHIBITION “Ibrahim El-Salahi is a born story-teller,”...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – LAKWENA MACIVER – ZAK OVÉ
This immersive exhibition traces the legacy of Black British creativity. Visionary curator Aindrea Emelife has taken over Christie's with the most thrilling Black British artworks of the last four decades – Dazed – Emily Dinsdale 30 September 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Black Bold British. Curated by Aindrea Emelife Christies 1 – 22 October 2021 LINK TO EXHIBITION “I like to see my curatorial...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Frieze Sculpture at Regent's Park review: a delightful meeting of park and art – Evening Standard – Ben Luke 16 September 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Frieze Sculpture. Meditation Tree Regents Park, London 14 September – 31 October 2021 LINK TO EXHIBITION The Frieze Sculpture Park is by...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Frieze Sculpture 2021: A vibrant, political and cross-generational return – Wallpaper – Harriet Lloyd-Smith 16 September 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Frieze Sculpture. Meditation Tree Regents Park, London- 14 September – 31 October 2021 LINK TO EXHIBITION Frieze Sculpture 2021 (14 September –...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
In Pictures: See the Joyful Works Included in Frieze Sculpture 2021, From a Pearlescent Monolith to a Quirky Pineapple – ArtNet – Naomi Rea 15 September 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Frieze Sculpture. Meditation Tree Regents Park, London 14 September – 31 October 2021 LINK TO EXHIBITION Signs of fall have arrived in...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – LAKWENA MACIVER – ZAK OVÉ
It's About Black Art Not Being a Sellable Fad: How One Curator Is Navigating the Market for a Show of Black British Art at Christie's London – ArtNet – Naomi Rea 15 September 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Bold Black British Christies 1 – 22 October 2021 EVENT DETAILS Christie’s will hold an exhibition of Black British art at its...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Frieze Art Fair Makes its Return to London – Arts & Collections 26 August 2021LINK TO ARTICLE Frieze Sculpture, London’s biggest free display of outdoor art returns to Regents Park this year, opening to the public from 14th September...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Abstract and Arab: Taking Shape at the McMullen Museum – Daily Sabah – Matt Hanson 25 March 2021LINK TO ARTICLE In the years between 1950 and 1980, the Arab world survived the world’s precarious geopolitical balance as the lines that distinguished East...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Talking Points. State of the Arts – Harper's Bazaar 6 October 2020Nazy Vassegh on how the world’s galleries, fairs and auction houses are having to adapt for the times Only ve months ago, I was sitting...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The End of Art History. Writing a global art history demands that we give up historical thinking. – Hyperallergic – David Carrier 26 September 2020LINK TO ARTICLE Art historians often begin with a close focus on an individual artifact before setting that object into a history. Earlier, later, latest:...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
'Prison Notebook': How Sudanese artist Ibrahim El Salahi transformed his suffering into seminal works – The National – Alexandra Chaves 20 August 2020LINK TO ARTICLE The modernist's incredibly important series of works has been translated into English by Sharjah Art Foundation On a sweltering day in September...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
A Love Letter to MoMA: Glenn Lowry and Curators Share the Works They Miss the Most – Galerie – Lucy Rees 12 May 2020LINK TO ARTICLE From a bedroom by Charlotte Perriand to a dreamy painting by Tarsila do Amaral, these are the artworks the museum’s custodians are...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
NICOLE BERRY OPENS HER BLACK BOOK OF STYLE – Financial Times – How To Spend It 5 March 2020READ MORE The executive director of New York’s The Armory Show art fair, Nicole Berry, discusses her favourite piece of the year. She said: The...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
A real hit parade of work from almost every country in the Arab world – Apollo – Raphael Cormack 3 March 2020READ MORE Modern Arab art is having a moment; there is no question about it. In the past decade there have been large exhibitions of...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
NYU Grey Art Gallery Spotlights Pioneers of Arab Art – The Hoya – Faris Bseiso 6 February 2020LINK TO ARTICLE Taking Shape: Abstraction from the Arab World, 1950–1980s Grey Art Gallery. University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003Grey Art Gallery,...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Dissecting a gallery in a remade MoMA – The Art Newspaper – Dale Berning Sawa 29 October 2019LINK TO ARTICLE Among the most striking examples of the museum's more global and inclusive approach is a gallery with the theme War Within, War...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
MoMA Remixed: The Artists Coming to the Fore in the New Look Gallery – Mutual Art – Adam Heardman 23 October 2019READ MORE On Monday, October 21, 2019, New York’s Museum of Modern Art opened its doors and welcomed the first visitors to its new-look gallery:...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Budge up, great white males! MoMA goes global with an explosive $450m rehang – The Guardian – Charlotte Higgins 16 October 2019READ MORE In his Poetics, Aristotle argued that poetry was a more scientific and serious genre than history. This was because, he said, history is...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Why Do We Need An Art Fair Dedicated To African Art? Will African contemporary art need to be viewed in isolation as it becomes more mainstream? Gallerists, collectors and curators respond during the recent edition of 1-54 London – Harpers Bazaar – Rebecc 13 October 2019LINK TO ARTICLE Seed Drawings - Pain Relief 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 1LA 3 – 6 October 2019 LINK...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The New MoMA Is Here. Get Ready for Change. – The New York Times – Jason Farago 3 October 2019READ MORE Christophe Cherix, the chief curator of drawings and prints, arranges sheets from Ibrahim el-Salahi’s “Prison Notebook” (1976). The pages will remain on view...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Artist Ibrahim El-Salahi: 'When I work, I don't feel pain at all' – Financial Times – Maya Jaggi 27 September 2019READ MORE Seed Drawings - Pain Relief 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 1LA 3 – 6 October 2019 LINK TO...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Into the Night explores the modern art of cabarets and clubs spanning the 1880s to the 1960s – Creative Boom – Tora Baker 19 July 2019DOWNLOAD ARTICLE Into the Night. Cabarets & Clubs in Modern Art The Barbican Barbican Centre Silk Street, London EC2Y 8DS 4 October 2019 – 19...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Ibrahim El-Salahi – Interview "Drawing for me is a kind of meditation" – Studio International – Anna McNay 26 June 2019READ MORE Pain Relief Saatchi Gallery, Duke of York's HQ, King's Rd, Chelsea, London SW3 4RY. Lower Ground floor | Salon 7 June –...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Ibrahim El-Salahi: Art As a Spiritual Means of Meditation – Whitewall – Katy Donoghue 13 May 2019READ MORE Pain Relief Saatchi Gallery, Duke of York's HQ, King's Rd, Chelsea, London SW3 4RY Lower Ground floor | Salon 7 June –...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
A slice of life in a Sudanese prison. On the recently issued reproduction of Ibrahim El-Salahi's 'Prison Notebook' – Mada Masr – Mai Elwakil 24 March 2019READ MORE Shades of rust gradate the metal bars, which illuminate beaming rays of sun on the gate of Cooper Prison. “Enter unto it engulfed...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
MoMA, the New Edition: From Monumental to Experimental – The New York Times – Holland Cotter 10 March 2019LINK TO ARTICLE Early on, the Museum of Modern Art developed a snugly tailored origin myth for modern art itself. This was invented by the...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Top 10 African Artists to Watch: Ibrahim El-Salahi – Blouin Modern Painters 19 February 2019LINK TO ARTICLE Of the 10 artists in the ranking, Ibrahim El-Salahi is the only one known to have done time in jail - and...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
THE 100 GREATEST ARTWORKS OF ALL TIME – Culture | Art – The Telegraph – Mark Hudson 26 November 2018LINK TO ARTICLE I was at lunch in Florence one rather grey day last year, awaiting dessert, when I realised I was sitting just a...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Arts & Culture New Sharjah art book fair Focal Point to celebrate Sudanese artist Ibrahim El Salahi with book launch – The National – Saeed Saeed 9 November 2018READ MORE Sharjah is at the centre of the region’s publishing industry this week. In addition to the Sharjah International Book Fair , which runs...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – ZAK OVÉ
"African Art Is Here to Stay": Collectors Were in a Buying Mood at the London Edition of the 1-54 Fair – ArtNet – Naomi Rea 8 October 2018READ MORE Meditation Tree 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair Courtyard Somerset House. Strand, London WC2R 1LA 3 – 7 October 2018 LINK TO EXHIBITION ‘African...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Forests and Spirits: new show at Saatchi Gallery highlights the influence of African art – Creative Boom – Sarah Tulley 3 October 2018READ MORE Work by a trio of Sudanese artists - Salah Elmur, Kamala Ishaq and Ibrahim El-Salahi - will be on display at SALON at...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Kamel Lazaar Foundation: seeds of change.Ahead of the 1-54 fair, we meet the father-daughter team promoting African and Middle Eastern art. – Financial Times – Georgina Adam 21 September 2018LINK TO ARTICLE 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair Somerset House, London West Wing, G19 Strand, London WC2R 1LA 4 – 7 October 2018 LINK TO...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Culture: Adding some glitter to old masters – The New York Times – Scott Reyburn 11 July 2018How do you make the old new? The art trade here faced that perennial challenge as old master auctions, the Masterpiece fair and the London...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The calligraphic lines of Ibrahim El-Salahi – Apollo – Rowland Bagnall 8 May 2018LINK TO ARTICLE A Sudanese Artist in Oxford The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Beaumont Street, Oxford 18 April – 2 September 2018 LINK TO EXHIBITION Following...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
From Khartoum to Oxford with Art and Love – The National, Abu Dhabi – Melissa Gronlund 23 April 2018READ MORE A Sudanese Artist in Oxford The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Beaumont Street, Oxford 18 April – 2 September 2018 LINK TO EXHIBITION Ibrahim El-Salahi's...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Is interest in African art on the rise in the Middle East? – The Art Newspaper – Anny Shaw 21 March 2018LINK TO ARTICLE AN INCREASED PRESENCE OF AFRICAN GALLERIES AT THIS EDITION OF ART DUBAI COULD SIGNIFY A FLOURISHING REGIONAL MARKET Modern and contemporary African...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
What's the best work of art you saw this summer? 18 well-traveled experts weigh in – Artnet 16 August 2017LINK TO ARTICLE Sultan Sooud al-Qassemi, founder of the Barjeel Art Foundation: ‘The best work I have seen this summer is a painting by Sudanese...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Sudanese artist's haunting images of prison come to MoMA – The Art Newspaper – Anny Shaw 4 May 2017READ MORE EVENT DETAILS With the spectre of a government crackdown on dissidents looming in Russia, Turkey and elsewhere, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Witness History: The World Festival of Black Arts – BBC 18 April 2017LINK TO INTERVIEW In April 1966 thousands of artists and performers from all over Africa descended on the Senegalese capital, Dakar, for the first World...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The Museum of Modern Art is showing how artists can respond confidently to Trump – Washington Post – Alyssa Rosenberg 4 April 2017When the Museum of Modern Art decided in February to make a curatorial response to President Trump’s attempts to restrict immigration from some majority-Muslim nations...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
IN PARIS 15 February 2017Treasures of Islam in Africa. From Timbuktu to Zanzibar Institute du Monde Arabe 1 Rue des Fossés Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France 4 April – 30...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
MoMA Protests Trump Entry Ban by Rehanging Work by Artists from Muslim Nations – The New York Times – Jason Farago 31 January 2017VIEW VIDEO In one of the strongest protests yet by a major cultural institution against President Trump’s executive order on immigration, the Museum of Modern...Read more -
KADAR BROCK – IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – ZAK OVÉ
How to Spend It. A dynamic contemporary art platform for emerging talents – Financial Times – Francesca Gavin 31 December 2016LINK TO ARTICLE Hussam Otaibi describes his love of art as one of the most formative relationships of his life. But growing up in Saudi...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Understood and Counted – Guggenheim Abu Dhabi – Sarah Dwider 13 December 2016The Guggenheim Abu Dhabi curatorial team has been granted a rare opportunity to build a collection from the ground up. Assembling the collection for the...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
ON THE ARAB SPRING NOTEBOOK – Modern Forms – Nick Hackworth 17 October 2016VIEW VIDEORead more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
EXHIBITING IN MUNICH 13 October 2016Postwar: Art between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945-1965 Haus der Kunst Prinzregentenstrasse 1, 80538, Munich, German 14 October 2016 – 26 March 2017...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
13 October 2016The Khartoum School. The Making of the Modern Art Movement in Sudan Sharjah Art Foundation Galleries 1, 2 and 5Al Mureijah Sqaure 12 November 2016...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – ZAK OVÉ
1:54 AFRICAN ART FAIR FINALLY GETS THE STAGE IT DESERVES DURING FRIEZE WEEK – Artnet News – Naomi Rea 8 October 2016READ MORE After too long neglecting the electrifying art scene across Africa, there has been a recent upsurge of international interest in the contemporary African...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
THE FATHER OF AFRICAN MODERNISM – Nick Hackworth 5 October 2016As part of the special projects program at 1:54, Modern Forms presents The Arab Spring Notebook by Ibrahim El-Salahi. Here, Nick Hackworth profiles an artist...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – MASAAKI YAMADA
EXHIBITING IN LONDON 18 June 2016Making and Unmaking Camden Arts Centre An exhibition curated by Duro Olowu 19 June – 18 September 2016 EVENT DETAILS Making & Unmaking, curated by...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
SUITED MAGAZINE: BRIDGING THE DIVIDE 15 June 2016IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI FINDS THE COMMONALITY IN HUMAN EXPERIANCE, LAYING IT BARE IN BLACK AND WHITE. BY MARIANNA NANNARONE Ibrahim El-Salahi’s black and white works began,...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI @ MODERN ART OXFORD 11 June 2016Kaleidoscope: Mystics and Rationalists 11 June - 19 August 2016 30 Pembroke Street, Oxford, OX11BP In 2016, Modern Art Oxford marks 50 years as...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
10 Contemporary African Artists You Should Know – The Culture Trip – Lilian Diarra 20 May 2016READ MORE Africa’s contemporary art scene is characterized by a myriad of remarkable artists who have paved the way for the next generation, and a...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
8 African Artists to Know at the Armory – The Creators Project – Beckett Mufson 4 March 2016READ MORE The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The 20 Best Booths at The Armory Show – Artsy – Alexxa Gotthardt 4 March 2016READ MORE The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Highlights and First Impressions of the Armory Show 2016 – Artnet News – Sarah Cascone 3 March 2016The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March 2016 LINK...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
22 Things to Do in New York's Art World Before March 7 2016 – The Observer (Armory edition) – Paul Laster 3 March 2016READ MORE Alhambra Salon 94 243 Bowery, New York, NY 10002, USA 1 March – 30 April 2016 LINK TO EXHIBITION Born in Sudan in...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
The Armory Show 2016 - Highlights Africa and Asia – Art Radar – Michele Chan 1 March 2016READ MORE The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Africa is Exposed to the Armory in New York – Le Monde – Roxana Azimi 29 February 2016READ MORE The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
THE ARMORY: LOOKING BACK, LEADING THE WAY 27 February 2016The Armory Show NY Focus: African Perspectives, Booth #631 Piers 92-94, 711 12th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA 3 – 6 March 2016 LINK...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
EXHIBITS IN NEWARK 15 January 2016Wondrous Worlds. Art and Islam Through Time and Place Newark Museum 40 Washington Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102-3176 12 February – 15 May 2016 EVENT...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Dashed Hopes of the Arab Spring – The Art Newspaper – Anny Shaw 28 August 2015DOWNLOADRead more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
What is African Art – Financial Times – Tom Burgis 24 July 2015LINK TO ARTICLE The concept of African art may raise difficult questions but the work speaks for itself — attracting a growing number of buyers,...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI – ZAK OVÉ
Nigerian artists in the spotlight – The Art Newspaper – Anny Shaw 14 July 2015As Nigeria surges ahead of South Africa to become the largest African economy, its newly rich are buying art. Last year the Nigerian art market...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Art in context: The Sudan-born artist discusses the role of art in the social and political life of his homeland – Art Review – Mark Rappolt 26 May 2015LINK TO ARTICLE Part of an ongoing survey in which artists, curators and cultural commentators explore the question of what African art (of the contemporary...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Leading Sudanese Artist Ibrahim El-Salahi Receives Renewed International Recognition This Spring – Artsy – Karen Kedmey 11 May 2015LINK TO ARTICLE Flamenco 29 May – 31 July 2015 LINK TO EXHIBITION Two years since his solo show at Tate Modern, Ibrahim El-Salahi —...Read more -
IBRAHIM EL-SALAHI
Ibrahim El-Salahi: from Sudanese prison to Tate Modern show – The Guardian – Mark Hudson 3 July 2013LINK TO ARTICLE The first African artist to get a Tate Modern retrospective has come a long way since he drew on scraps while a...Read more
